Redhat/CentOS 采用 RPM 格式的安装文件包，在制作RPM时，SPEC文件中有很多路径、宏变量等，下面详细介绍它们的用法和作用。
Valid RPM Macros
Here are the definitions for some common specfile macros as they are defined on Fedora Core 11 (rpm-4.7.0-1.fc11). For definitions of more macros, examine the output of “rpm –showrc “. To see the expanded definition of a macro use the command rpm –eval “%{macro}” . Note that neither command will take into account macros defined inside specfiles, but both will take into account macros defined in your ~/.rpmmacros file and macros defined on the command line.
Keep in mind that some of these macros may evaluate differently on older Fedora or EPEL releases.
查阅rpm常用路径
rpm --showrc>/usr/rpmShowrc.txt
Macros mimicking autoconf variables
%{_sysconfdir} /etc
%{_prefix} /usr
%{_exec_prefix} %{_prefix}
%{_bindir} %{_exec_prefix}/bin
%{_lib} lib (lib64 on 64bit systems)
%{_libdir} %{_exec_prefix}/%{_lib}
%{_libexecdir} %{_exec_prefix}/libexec
%{_sbindir} %{_exec_prefix}/sbin
%{_sharedstatedir} /var/lib
%{_datadir} %{_prefix}/share
%{_includedir} %{_prefix}/include
%{_oldincludedir} /usr/include
%{_infodir} /usr/share/info
%{_mandir} /usr/share/man
%{_localstatedir} /var
%{_initddir} %{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d
RPM directory macros
%{_topdir} %{getenv:HOME}/rpmbuild
%{_builddir} %{_topdir}/BUILD
%{_rpmdir} %{_topdir}/RPMS
%{_sourcedir} %{_topdir}/SOURCES
%{_specdir} %{_topdir}/SPECS
%{_srcrpmdir} %{_topdir}/SRPMS
%{_buildrootdir} %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT