Mininet 虚拟网络工具介绍

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Mininet 是一个虚拟网络工具，使用它创建一个真实的虚拟网络，在一台机器(虚拟机、云或本机)上运行真实的内核、交换机和应用程序代码。它支持 OpenFlow、OpenvSwith 等各种协议。

特性

  • 支持 OpenFlow、OpenvSwitch 等软定义网路
  • 支持系统级的还原测试
  • 支持复杂拓扑，自定义拓扑
  • 提供 Python API，方便多人协作开发
  • 硬件移植性好
  • 高扩展性
  • 支持上千台主机的网络结构

安装

源码安装

  • 下载源码
git clone git://github.com/mininet/mininet
  • 安装
cd mininet/util/
sudo ./install.sh
  • 使用
sudo mn --test pingall

测试

mn--test ↕ 
$ mn --test pingall
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2
*** Adding switches:
s1
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1)
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2
*** Starting controller
c0
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Waiting for switches to connect
s1
*** Ping: testing ping reachability
h1 -> h2
h2 -> h1
*** Results: 0% dropped (2/2 received)
*** Stopping 1 controllers
c0
*** Stopping 2 links
..
*** Stopping 1 switches
s1
*** Stopping 2 hosts
h1 h2
*** Done
completed in 6.277 seconds

help

mn--help ↕ 
$ mn --help
Usage: mn [options]
(type mn -h for details)

The mn utility creates Mininet network from the command line. It can create
parametrized topologies, invoke the Mininet CLI, and run tests.

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --switch=SWITCH       default|ivs|lxbr|ovs|ovsbr|ovsk|user[,param=value...]
                        user=UserSwitch ovs=OVSSwitch ovsbr=OVSBridge
                        ovsk=OVSSwitch ivs=IVSSwitch lxbr=LinuxBridge
                        default=OVSSwitch
  --host=HOST           cfs|proc|rt[,param=value...] proc=Host
                        rt=CPULimitedHost{'sched': 'rt'}
                        cfs=CPULimitedHost{'sched': 'cfs'}
  --controller=CONTROLLER
                        default|none|nox|ovsc|ref|remote|ryu[,param=value...]
                        ref=Controller ovsc=OVSController nox=NOX
                        remote=RemoteController ryu=Ryu
                        default=DefaultController none=NullController
  --link=LINK           default|ovs|tc|tcu[,param=value...] default=Link
                        tc=TCLink tcu=TCULink ovs=OVSLink
  --topo=TOPO           linear|minimal|reversed|single|torus|tree[,param=value
                        ...] minimal=MinimalTopo linear=LinearTopo
                        reversed=SingleSwitchReversedTopo
                        single=SingleSwitchTopo tree=TreeTopo torus=TorusTopo
  -c, --clean           clean and exit
  --custom=CUSTOM       read custom classes or params from .py file(s)
  --test=TEST           pingall|pingpair|iperf|iperfudp|all|none|build
  -x, --xterms          spawn xterms for each node
  -i IPBASE, --ipbase=IPBASE
                        base IP address for hosts
  --mac                 automatically set host MACs
  --arp                 set all-pairs ARP entries
  -v VERBOSITY, --verbosity=VERBOSITY
                        debug|info|output|warning|warn|error|critical
  --innamespace         sw and ctrl in namespace?
  --listenport=LISTENPORT
                        base port for passive switch listening
  --nolistenport        don't use passive listening port
  --pre=PRE             CLI script to run before tests
  --post=POST           CLI script to run after tests
  --pin                 pin hosts to CPU cores (requires --host cfs or --host
                        rt)
  --nat                 [option=val...] adds a NAT to the topology that
                        connects Mininet hosts to the physical network.
                        Warning: This may route any traffic on the machine
                        that uses Mininet's IP subnet into the Mininet
                        network. If you need to change Mininet's IP subnet,
                        see the --ipbase option.
  --version             prints the version and exits
  -w, --wait            wait for switches to connect
  -t WAIT, --twait=WAIT
                        timed wait (s) for switches to connect
  --cluster=server1,server2...
                        run on multiple servers (experimental!)
  --placement=block|random
                        node placement for --cluster (experimental!)

选项：

  • --topo：自定义拓扑，如 linear|minimal|reversed|single|torus|tree[,param=value…] minimal=MinimalTopo linear=LinearTopo
  • --link：自定义网络参数，如 default|ovs|tc|tcu
  • --switch：自定义虚拟交换机，如 default|ivs|lxbr|ovs|ovsbr|ovsk|user
  • --controller：自定义控制器，如 default|none|nox|ovsc|ref|remote|ryu
  • --nat：自动设置 NAT
  • --cluster：集群模式，将网络拓扑运行在多台机器上
  • --mac：自动设置主机 MAC
  • --arp：自动设置 ARP 表项

使用

基础使用

  • 使用 OpenFlow1.3 协议，连接 ovs 交换机
$ sudo mn --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1 --mac --switch=ovs,protocols=OpenFlow13
  • 测试
> pingall
  • 交互模式，直接输入 mn 命令查看：
$ mn
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2
*** Adding switches:
s1
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1)
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2
*** Starting controller
c0
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet>
  • help
mininet> help

Documented commands (type help <topic>):
========================================
EOF    gterm  iperfudp  nodes        pingpair      py      switch  xterm
dpctl  help   link      noecho       pingpairfull  quit    time
dump   intfs  links     pingall      ports         sh      wait
exit   iperf  net       pingallfull  px            source  x

You may also send a command to a node using:
  <node> command {args}
For example:
  mininet> h1 ifconfig

The interpreter automatically substitutes IP addresses
for node names when a node is the first arg, so commands
like
  mininet> h2 ping h3
should work.

Some character-oriented interactive commands require
noecho:
  mininet> noecho h2 vi foo.py
However, starting up an xterm/gterm is generally better:
  mininet> xterm h2

mininet>

部分解释：

  • nodes：查看所有节点

  • dump：查看各节点的信息

  • net：查看链路信息

  • links：查看网络接口连接拓扑

  • link：开启或关闭网络接口，如link s1 h1 up

  • xterm：开启终端

  • dpctl：查看 OpenFlow 相关信息，如 ports，流表等

  • pingall：自动ping测试

  • py：执行python命令，如 py h1.IP() 获取 h1 的 ip 地址

  • 查看节点信息

mininet> nodes
available nodes are:
c0 h1 h2 s1
mininet>
  • dump 设备信息
mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=30667>
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=30669>
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None pid=30674>
<Controller c0: 127.0.0.1:6653 pid=30660>
mininet>
  • 查看链路信息
mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s1-eth2
s1 lo:  s1-eth1:h1-eth0 s1-eth2:h2-eth0
c0
  • 查看交换机 s1 的 ports 信息
mininet> dpctl dump-ports s1
*** s1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
OFPST_PORT reply (xid=0x4): 1 ports
  port LOCAL: rx pkts=0, bytes=0, drop=16, errs=0, frame=0, over=0, crc=0
           tx pkts=0, bytes=0, drop=0, errs=0, coll=0
mininet>
  • 查看 h1 的网卡
mininet> h1 ifconfig -a
h1-eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0  broadcast 10.255.255.255
        inet6 fe80::3cc0:4aff:fe33:cf98  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 3e:c0:4a:33:cf:98  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 37  bytes 3934 (3.9 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 11  bytes 866 (866.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

mininet>
  • 由 h1 ping 一次 h2
mininet> h1 ping -c1 h2
PING 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=9.03 ms

--- 10.0.0.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 1ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 9.031/9.031/9.031/0.000 ms
mininet>

自定义网络拓扑

$ mn --topo tree,3
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8
*** Adding switches:
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7
*** Adding links:
(s1, s2) (s1, s5) (s2, s3) (s2, s4) (s3, h1) (s3, h2) (s4, h3) (s4, h4) (s5, s6) (s5, s7) (s6, h5) (s6, h6) (s7, h7) (s7, h8)
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8
*** Starting controller
c0
*** Starting 7 switches
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> nodes
available nodes are:
c0 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7
mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=32448>
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=32450>
<Host h3: h3-eth0:10.0.0.3 pid=32452>
<Host h4: h4-eth0:10.0.0.4 pid=32454>
<Host h5: h5-eth0:10.0.0.5 pid=32456>
<Host h6: h6-eth0:10.0.0.6 pid=32458>
<Host h7: h7-eth0:10.0.0.7 pid=32460>
<Host h8: h8-eth0:10.0.0.8 pid=32462>
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None pid=32467>
<OVSSwitch s2: lo:127.0.0.1,s2-eth1:None,s2-eth2:None,s2-eth3:None pid=32470>
<OVSSwitch s3: lo:127.0.0.1,s3-eth1:None,s3-eth2:None,s3-eth3:None pid=32473>
<OVSSwitch s4: lo:127.0.0.1,s4-eth1:None,s4-eth2:None,s4-eth3:None pid=32476>
<OVSSwitch s5: lo:127.0.0.1,s5-eth1:None,s5-eth2:None,s5-eth3:None pid=32479>
<OVSSwitch s6: lo:127.0.0.1,s6-eth1:None,s6-eth2:None,s6-eth3:None pid=32482>
<OVSSwitch s7: lo:127.0.0.1,s7-eth1:None,s7-eth2:None,s7-eth3:None pid=32485>
<Controller c0: 127.0.0.1:6653 pid=32441>
mininet>

自定义网络参数

$ mn --link tc,bw=10,delay=10ms
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2
*** Adding switches:
s1
*** Adding links:
(10.00Mbit 10ms delay) (10.00Mbit 10ms delay) (h1, s1) (10.00Mbit 10ms delay) (10.00Mbit 10ms delay) (h2, s1)
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2
*** Starting controller
c0
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...(10.00Mbit 10ms delay) (10.00Mbit 10ms delay)
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> iperf
*** Iperf: testing TCP bandwidth between h1 and h2
*** Results: ['9.50 Mbits/sec', '12.0 Mbits/sec']
mininet>

使用 python api

  • API 参考：http://mininet.org/api/annotated.html
  • example 代码：https://github.com/mininet/mininet/tree/master/examples

参考

  1. http://mininet.org/
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