Ansible 基础

Ansible 基础语法

基础

register

---
- name: Check the user
  hosts: h-1
  tasks:
  - name: View the logged in user name
    shell: whoami
    register: user
  - debug:
      var: user  # 输出指定的内容 msg: "Logged in as user {{ user.stdout }}"

  # - name: Create a register to represent the status if the /dev/sda1 exsited
  #   shell: df -h | grep sda1
  #   register: dev_sda1_result
  #   ignore_errors: True
  #   tags: docker
  # - name: Copy docker.sh to all hosts
  #   copy: src=docker.sh dest=/usr/bin/docker mode=0755
  #   when: dev_sda1_result | succeeded
  #   tags: docker
source repo / download raw

register 将 task 执行的结果注册为变量，供后边使用

• change 执行命令的状态，如果命令执行了，则为 true
• cmd 当前执行的命令
• delta 命令执行所花费的时间
• start 命令开始执行的时间
• end 命令结束的时间
• failed 命令执行的结果，如果为 false 则表示命令执行成功，true 则表示命令执行失败
• rc 命令执行的返回码（return code），0 表示执行成功
• stderr 命令输出的标准错误信息
• stderr_lines 按换行符分割输出的内容，在多行输出时，显示的效果比 stderr 更加直观
• stdout 命令的标准输出信息
• stdout_lines 按换行符分割输出的内容，在多行输出时，结果更加直观

root@dev:~# ansible-playbook -i hosts.test register-demo1.yaml

PLAY [Check the user] ************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
ok: [h-1]

TASK [View the logged in user name] **********************************************************************************
changed: [h-1]

TASK [debug] *********************************************************************************************************
ok: [h-1] => {
    "user": {
        "changed": true,
        "cmd": "whoami",
        "delta": "0:00:00.005363",
        "end": "2018-08-07 15:33:44.057578",
        "failed": false,
        "msg": "",
        "rc": 0,
        "start": "2018-08-07 15:33:44.052215",
        "stderr": "",
        "stderr_lines": [],
        "stdout": "root",
        "stdout_lines": [
            "root"
        ]
    }
}

PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
h-1                        : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

ignore_errors

ignore_errors 设置成True，用来忽略错误，表示即使当前task执行报错，ansible也会忽略这个错误，继续执行playbook

ad-hoc 模式运行

• ad-hoc 意思：for this purpose only Ansible ad-hoc 临时命令使用 /usr/bin/ansible 命令行工具在一个或多个受管节点上自动执行单个任务

# ping
ansible -i hosts all -m ping

# inventory 文件
$ cat hosts
[all]
192.168.179.21
192.168.179.22

# 执行 shell
ansible -i hosts all -m shell "pwd"
ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "cat /etc/hosts"

# sync file
ansible -i hosts all -m copy -a "src=/root/centos-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/"

# 安装 nginx
ansible -i hosts all -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"
ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "yum info nginx"
ansible -i hosts all -m service -a "name=nginx state=started"
ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "nginx -t"

ansible -i hosts all -m pip -a "name=python3-pip state=present"
ansible -i hosts all -a "hostname"