本文主要介绍 iperf3
的安装、使用。在 Linux 系统中,经常需要判断网络状况,如带宽(网卡最大速率),本文介绍如何使用网络测速工具 iperf3(旧称 iperf)命令测试网速。
安装
iperf3
下载地址:https://iperf.fr/iperf-download.php#fedora
$ rpm -ivh iperf3-3.1.3-1.fc24.x86_64.rpm
help
iperf3 –h
查看所有参数含义:
$ iperf3 -h
Usage: iperf [-s|-c host] [options]
iperf [-h|--help] [-v|--version]
Server or Client:
-p, --port # server port to listen on/connect to
-f, --format [kmgKMG] format to report: Kbits, Mbits, KBytes, MBytes
-i, --interval # seconds between periodic bandwidth reports
-F, --file name xmit/recv the specified file
-A, --affinity n/n,m set CPU affinity
-B, --bind <host> bind to a specific interface
-V, --verbose more detailed output
-J, --json output in JSON format
--logfile f send output to a log file
-d, --debug emit debugging output
-v, --version show version information and quit
-h, --help show this message and quit
Server specific:
-s, --server run in server mode
-D, --daemon run the server as a daemon
-I, --pidfile file write PID file
-1, --one-off handle one client connection then exit
Client specific:
-c, --client <host> run in client mode, connecting to <host>
-u, --udp use UDP rather than TCP
-b, --bandwidth #[KMG][/#] target bandwidth in bits/sec (0 for unlimited)
(default 1 Mbit/sec for UDP, unlimited for TCP)
(optional slash and packet count for burst mode)
-t, --time # time in seconds to transmit for (default 10 secs)
-n, --bytes #[KMG] number of bytes to transmit (instead of -t)
-k, --blockcount #[KMG] number of blocks (packets) to transmit (instead of -t or -n)
-l, --len #[KMG] length of buffer to read or write
(default 128 KB for TCP, 8 KB for UDP)
--cport <port> bind to a specific client port (TCP and UDP, default: ephemeral port)
-P, --parallel # number of parallel client streams to run
-R, --reverse run in reverse mode (server sends, client receives)
-w, --window #[KMG] set window size / socket buffer size
-C, --congestion <algo> set TCP congestion control algorithm (Linux and FreeBSD only)
-M, --set-mss # set TCP/SCTP maximum segment size (MTU - 40 bytes)
-N, --no-delay set TCP/SCTP no delay, disabling Nagle's Algorithm
-4, --version4 only use IPv4
-6, --version6 only use IPv6
-S, --tos N set the IP 'type of service'
-L, --flowlabel N set the IPv6 flow label (only supported on Linux)
-Z, --zerocopy use a 'zero copy' method of sending data
-O, --omit N omit the first n seconds
-T, --title str prefix every output line with this string
--get-server-output get results from server
--udp-counters-64bit use 64-bit counters in UDP test packets
--no-fq-socket-pacing disable fair-queuing based socket pacing
(Linux only)
[KMG] indicates options that support a K/M/G suffix for kilo-, mega-, or giga-
iperf3 homepage at: http://software.es.net/iperf/
Report bugs to: https://github.com/esnet/iperf
使用
服务器端
$ iperf3 -s -D
说明:
客户端
$ iperf3 -c <server ip>
$ iperf3 -c <server ip> -b 100M -u
$ iperf3 -c <server ip> -b 100M -u -p 2480 -t 60 -P 4
说明:
- -A:CPU亲和性,可以将具体的iperf3进程绑定对应编号的逻辑 CPU,避免iperf进程在不同的CPU间调度。
- -c:指明是客户端,后跟连接的服务端地址
- -b:指定发送带宽大小,UDP缺省为
1 Mbit/sec
,TCP无限制 - -f:format格式,可以是kKmMgG, A就是adaptive,类似于
ls -h
友好显示 - -u:指定是udp报文,默认情况客户端使用TCP协议
- -p:指定服务的监听端口
- -t:测试的时长,单位秒
- -P:并行客户端流的数量
- -n:传输包的大小 bytes
- -N:nodelay,禁用Nagle’s algorithm。
- -w:设置套接字缓冲区大小,TCP 模式下为窗口大小。
window size
是作流控用的,避免发送端发的太快,接收端处理不过来(接收端在header里设置了一个window size,提示发送方未被ack的累积发送量不要超过window size) - -O:禁用
tcp slow start
,-O 3
表示忽略前三次请求 - -i:间隔多久输出信息流量信息,默认单位为秒
- -l:包大小,默认单位为Byte。通常测试PPS的时候该值为46,测试bps时该值为1500
- -V:显示详细信息
测试结果指标
字段 | 含义 |
---|
Transfer | 传送的总数据量 |
Bandwidth | 带宽大小 |
Jitter | 波动率 |
Lost/Total | 丢包/总报文数 |
Datagrams | 丢包率 |
Retr(Retransmitted TCP segments) | 重试传输TCP段,越大表示网络质量越差 |