XZ是一种使用LZMA2压缩算法的无损数据压缩文件格式，它通常比使用传统gzip或bzip2算法压缩的文件更小，同时解压缩速度也很快
介绍
xz 通常作为一种归档文件自身的压缩格式，例如使用 tar创建的归档。因此，当需要解压 abc.tar.xz 文件时，应先执行 xz -d abc.tar.xz 解压成 abc.tar 文件，再执行 tar -xvf abc.tar 进行解压
安装
apt install xz-utils
help
$ xz --help
Usage: xz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or decompress FILEs in the .xz format.
-z, --compress force compression 强制压缩
-d, --decompress force decompression 强制解压缩
-t, --test test compressed file integrity 测试压缩文件的完整性
-l, --list list information about .xz files 列出有关.xz文件的信息
-k, --keep keep (don't delete) input files 保留（不删除）输入文件
-f, --force force overwrite of output file and (de)compress links 强制覆盖输出文件并（解）压缩链接
-c, --stdout write to standard output and don't delete input files 写入标准输出并不删除输入文件
-0 ... -9 compression preset; default is 6; take compressor *and*
decompressor memory usage into account before using 7-9! 压缩预设；默认值为6
-e, --extreme try to improve compression ratio by using more CPU time;
does not affect decompressor memory requirements
-T, --threads=NUM use at most NUM threads; the default is 1; set to 0
to use as many threads as there are processor cores
-q, --quiet suppress warnings; specify twice to suppress errors too
-v, --verbose be verbose; specify twice for even more verbose
-h, --help display this short help and exit
-H, --long-help display the long help (lists also the advanced options)
-V, --version display the version number and exit
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Report bugs to <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> (in English or Finnish).
XZ Utils home page: <https://tukaani.org/xz/>
使用示例
# 压缩
tar cvf hosts.tar /etc/hosts
xz -z hosts.tar
# 压缩后的文件
$ ls
hosts.tar.xz
$ hosts.tar.xz
hosts.tar.xz: XZ compressed data, checksum CRC64
# 解压
xz -d hosts.tar.xz
tar xvf hosts.tar